Food coloring Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food shading - Research Paper Example Food hues can either be acquired normally or made artificially. Most hues are acquired from plant shades. These shades could either originate from vegetable or natural products. Acquiring common hues is some of the time expensive. Scientists cause indistinguishable hues to improve virtue. Particles of these fabricated hues are similar atoms from the normal source. Since most regular hues can't break up in water, they are handled as salts to make them solvent in water. A portion of the engineered shading models are; blackcurrant jams produced using azo colors quinoline and xanthenes. Aramnath a case of manufactured food shading Carmine utilized in yoghurts is acquired from creepy crawlies that produce carmanic corrosive. Dried bugs are bubbled in water to extricate this corrosive. The structure of a carminic corrosive that is extricated from the cochineal bug is demonstrated as follows. Other compound equations of ordinarily use food hues incorporate; Allura red (C18H14N2Na208S2), Tartrazine (C16H9N4Na309S2) and Brilliant blue (C37H34N2Na209S3). any individuals relate a food shading to ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).Tartrazine is related with extremely touchy responses to youngsters. Scientists directed concentration toward engineered hues since characteristic shading were seen as having hints of mercury toxics. As per America’s research, manufactured food hues have unfavorably been seen as influencing little youngsters conduct. Food hues that are considered engineered are at times blends of synthetics from research centers and mixes of other petro synthetics.

Mechanical Engineering History Essay

Toward the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, in the eighteenth century the steam motor was first delivered. From this creation it gave a huge beginning to all apparatus of any sort and each type. Subsequently, another significant arrangement of designing was shaped because of the instinct of machines and devices being created. Not long after this, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers was established in Birmingham, England in 1847. â€Å"Scientists research what as of now is; Engineers make what has never been.† (â€Å"Mechanical Engineering†) In this statement, Albert Einstein clarifies that building is fundamental to cultural progression and what is will never be without designing. Henry Petroski helps educates the open that, Engineers don't have otherworldly capacities. They are not great. It isn't normal for them to not commit errors. One can pardon their errors, yet it is fundamental for one to get and address them. Subsequently it is the idea of current building for designers to look at one’s own work and counts alongside crafted by their collogues. Being a specialist is a genuine calling, â€Å"You are taking a gander at a â€Å"professional degree† as opposed to an expressions degree or a science qualification. Numerous individuals would state that the science qualification is reliable with a law degree. I don't know I concur but rather it is not quite the same as physical training degree. Also, coincidentally, the procuring potential is more prominent, too† (Blackmon) says Professor Blackmon, one of UNC Charlotte’s professors’ and guide for Mechanical Engineering. As per Blackmon, a rookie mechanical architect needs to expect â€Å"to realize that they will invest a ton of energy learning throughout the following four years.† They will likewise need to realize that they will be put in â€Å"Calculus1, ENGR1201 and CHEM1251†. In the designing system at UNC Charlotte, there are two pathways, Engineering and Engineering-Tech. Blackmon states that the principle distinction between the two is that, â€Å"engineering is math based with a material science based educational plan, and innovation is variable based math based and polynomial math based material science based† (Blackmon). As per the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2011 there was a national aggregate of 238,260 mechanical designers in the USA. 50% of these mechanical architects made in any event $38.09 an hour at work. At this hourly rate, these ME’s made $79,230 yearly. (â€Å"17-2141 Mechanical Engineers†). Teacher Blackmon reveals to me that here at UNC Charlotte, â€Å"we have mechanical designing going into most any industry and most any claim to fame. They are in vitality, motorsports, medication, mechanical autonomy, space investigation, and so on. I don't know of any genuine task that can't profit by the help of a mechanical engineer.† Also at UNC Charlotte, graduates who have at any rate a 3.4 GPA will in general get a new line of work even before they graduate. Graduation to around 60% of UNC Charlotte’s graduates occurs in around six years; just twenty-two percent of green bean graduate in four years. As per Blackmon, â€Å"Our results are about the equivalent for all building schools† (Blackmon). A mechanical designer requires numerous characteristics and characteristics that most people may not know. These qualities incorporate and follow what is expressed in the statement beneath: Mechanical architects are portrayed by close to home imagination, broadness of information, and flexibility. They are likewise significant and dependable multidisciplinary colleagues. The specialized branches of knowledge that structure the fundamental reason for their work incorporate mechanics, vitality move and transformation, plan and producing, and the building sciences. A decent comprehension of English and arithmetic is likewise vital to this sort of calling. (â€Å"Mechanical Engineering Major†) There wouldn’t be new creations or items made without designing. Turning into a ME isn't simple it takes numerous long periods of experience, information in the field, much commitment and determination. Works Cited â€Å"An Excellent Collection of Engineering Quotes.† Articlesbase.com. Articlesbase.com, n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.articlesbase.com/>. â€Å"Mechanical Engineering.† Britannica.com. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/>. â€Å"Mechanical Engineering Major.† MyMajors. My Majors, 2012. Web. 30 Sep 2012. <http://www.mymajors.com/>. â€Å"17-2141 Mechanical Engineers.† Bls.gov. 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. <http://www.bls.gov/>. Blackmon, Don. Individual Interview. 11 Oct. 2012.

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Show, Do Not Tell

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Show, Do Not Tell You may have heard the old journalistic maxim “Show, don’t tell, which demands that writers truly illustrate the actions involved in an event or story rather than just stating the results of what happened. Tell (results oriented): “I arrived at ABC Bank and took on a great deal of responsibility in corporate lending. I managed diverse clients in my first year and earned the recognition of my manager. Because of my hard work, initiative and leadership, he placed me on the management track, and I knew that I would be a success in this challenging position.” In these three sentences, the reader is told that the applicant “took on a great deal of responsibility,” “managed diverse clients” and “earned recognition,” though none of these claims are substantiated via the story. Further, we are given no real evidence of the writers “hard work, initiative and leadership.” Show (action oriented): “Almost immediately after joining ABC bank, I took a risk in asking management for the accounts left behind by a recently transferred manager. I soon expanded our lending relationships with a children’s clothing retailer, a metal recycler and a food distributor, making decisions on loans of up to $1M. Although I had a commercial banking background, I sought the mentorship of our district manager and studied aggressively for the CFA exam (before and after 14-hour days at the office); I was encouraged when the lending officer cited my initiative and desire to learn, placing me on our management track.” In this second example, we see evidence of the writers “great deal of responsibility” (client coverage, $1M lending decisions) and “diverse clients” (a children’s clothing retailer, a metal recycler and a food distributor). Further, the candidates “hard work, initiative and leadership” are clearly illustrated throughout. The second example paragraph is more interesting, rich and humbleâ€"and more likely to captivate the reader. By showing your actions in detail, you ensure that your reader draws the desired conclusions about your skills and accomplishments, because the necessary facts are included to facilitate this. Essentially, facts become your evidence! Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Show, Do Not Tell You may have heard the old journalistic maxim “Show, don’t tell, which demands that writers truly illustrate the actions involved in an event or story rather than just stating the results of what happened. Tell (Results Oriented): “I arrived at ABC Bank and took on a great deal of responsibility in corporate lending. I managed diverse clients in my first year and earned the recognition of my manager. Because of my hard work, initiative and leadership, he placed me on the management track, and I knew that I would be a success in this challenging position.” In these three sentences, the reader is told that the applicant “took on a great deal of responsibility,” “managed diverse clients” and “earned recognition,” none of which  is substantiated via the story. Further, we are given no real evidence of the writers “hard work, initiative and leadership.” Show (Action Oriented): “Almost immediately after joining ABC bank, I took a risk in asking management for the accounts left behind by a recently transferred manager. I soon expanded our lending relationships with a children’s clothing retailer, a metal recycler and a food distributor, making decisions on loans of up to $1M. Although I had a commercial banking background, I sought the mentorship of our district manager and studied aggressively for the CFA exam (before and after 14-hour days at the office); I was encouraged when the lending officer cited my initiative and desire to learn, placing me on our management track.” In this second example, we see clear evidence of the writers “great deal of responsibility” (client coverage, $1M lending decisions) and “diverse clients” (a children’s clothing retailer, a metal recycler and a food distributor). Further, the candidates “hard work, initiative and leadership” are clear throughout. The latter is a more interesting, rich and humble paragraphâ€"one that is more likely to captivate the reader. By showing your actions in detail, you ensure that your reader draws the same conclusions, because the necessary facts are included to facilitate this. Essentially, facts become your evidence! Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

The Market Structures - 853 Words

The four defined market structures include perfect competition, monopoly, monopolist, and oligopoly. Although firms within these four different structures compete within the economic market together, each have their distinct characteristic. Perfect competition includes producers who all produce the same good. When looking at perfect competition you will see that both the buyers and sellers are price takers. The agricultural market is one of the few perfectly competitive markets. A monopoly consist of one product being sold by one seller. In a monopoly one firm controls the market. Monopolies have high entry barriers eliminating competition and product duplication. If an artist has the ability to produce original sculptures that no one can duplicate, then they have a monopoly. Monopolist and oligopoly market structures are more common. Monopolist markets consist of several firms producing similar products. These firms are in competition with one another and have low barriers of entry into the market. Even though they face competition with other firms, monopolist make strategic decisions for their firms without much thought of the competitor’s actions or reactions. Dove will manufacture and sell their soap without regard to what Ivory may be producing or the selling price of Ivory soap. Oligopoly firms have some similarities to monopolist, they both maximize profits when MC=MR, and sell products to a wide range of consumers. The difference between oligopoly and monopolistShow MoreRelatedMarket Structure Of The Company Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesMarket Structure Introduction There are four types of market structures and they are monopoly, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. What is a market structure? A market structure is â€Å"the makeup of the companies operating in a particular market.† Why is the market structure important to the producer as well as the consumer? It distinguishes the difference in seller numbers, buyer numbers, seller entry barriers, and buyer entry barriers. The main differences in market structuresRead MorePerfect Competition : A Market Structure1942 Words   |  8 PagesWhen trying to top look for a market structure to fit your needs a person should start with perfect completion, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. These four market structure are used by business to aid the businesses in producing and selling products. Perfect competition is described as a market structure that has many sellers and buyers that produce the same product and they are allowed to leave and exit the in dustry at any time. 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Therefore, a comparison and contrast is necessary to distinguish each of these theories from one another. These market structures of the economy are perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. These market structuresRead MoreMarket St ructure Of The Market Structures1779 Words   |  8 Pagesmayor to look at various market structures. I plan to provide excellent information and answer all the questions that will help the mayor understand the market structures of many of the businesses in his city. According to Arthur Levitt, the tension between centrality, on the one hand, and competition, on the other, is probably the oldest of all market structure issues (Levitt, n.d.). Market structures are being used daily to help foster companies. Describe each market structure discussed in the courseRead MoreMarket Structures Of The Market1198 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Market Structures are classified in term of the presence or absence of competition. When competition is absent, the market is said to be concentrated. There is a spectrum, from perfect competition to pure monopoly. Market structure is the physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact. It involves the number of firms in the market and the barriers to entry. Perfect competition, with an infinite number of firms, and monopoly, with a single firm, are polar oppositesRead MoreMarket Structures2710 Words   |  11 PagesKenya Institute of Management Diploma Course in Management Economics Work Based Assignment Done By: Daniel Mwathe Mugo Student No: NRB-44592 Table of Contents Question 2 Market Structures 3 Monopoly 3 Equilibrium Price and Output 3 Price Discrimination 5 Advantages of Monopoly 5 Disadvantages of Monopoly 6 Monopolistic Competition 6 Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition 6 Equilibrium level 6 Oligopoly 7 Features of Oligopoly 8 Competition and Collusion 8 Duopoly:Read MoreMarket Structures1479 Words   |  6 PagesBetween Market Structures ECO/365 April 13, 2015 Benjamin Zuckerman Differentiating Between Market Structures Coca-Cola Company is one of the world’s leading soft drinks manufacturers. Since its creation, the company has been growing constantly. Today Coca-Cola manufactures more than 500 brands of products sold in more than 200 countries all over the world. Coca-Cola’s main competitor is Pepsi. Therefore, the two companies make up a duopoly where only two companies dominate the market. BothRead MoreMarket Structures1503 Words   |  7 PagesMarket Structures The purpose of this paper is to provide of different types of market structures as well as pricing and non-pricing strategies used in the various market structures. First, the team explores the pure competition market structure through the analysis to Fiji Water Company. Second, the oligopoly market structure with LOreal Group Cosmetic and Beauty Company. Third, explain the monopolistic competition market structure with Campbells Soup Company. Last, the team explains how QuasarRead MoreMarket Structure1104 Words   |  5 PagesI. MARKET STRUCTURE We can classify firms by the roles they play in the target market: leader, challenger, follower, or nicher. Suppose a market is occupied by the firms shown in Figure 1.1. Forty percent of the market is in the hands of a market leader; another 30 percent is in the hands of a market challenger; another 20 percent is in the hands of a market follower, a firm that is willing to maintain its market share and not rock the boat. The remaining 10 percent is in the hands of market nichers

Study On The International Financial Markets Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3540 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The financial system and the commodity market play a vital in economic performance and development. In order to provide a clear understanding, we begin with definitions of international finance as the branch of economics that studies the variations of exchange rate, foreign investment and how these affect the international trade. We introduce financial market with direct transactions between the savers e.g. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On The International Financial Markets Finance Essay" essay for you Create order household, firms and the government and financial intermediaries which transform the direct obligation of savers into indirect obligation of financial which have attributes that savers prefer. Intermediaries engage in receiving funds from the savers and lending to borrowers by means of purchasing from borrowers primary debt, equity or mixed type securities. The main objective of international finance is the undisturbed flow of funds from savers to borrowers regardless of national borders. The second section begins with detail explanations of commodity market and the roles they played in the economics market and the opportunities in supporting an efficient financial sector. The financial sector mobilizes savings and allocates credit across space and time. It provides not only payment services, but more importantly products which enable firms and households to cope with economic uncertainties by hedging, pooling, sharing, and pricing risks. An efficient financial sector reduces t he cost and risk of producing and trading goods and services and thus makes an important contribution to raising standards of living, investment production and consumption. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE. International finance is defined as a branch of economics that studies the variation of exchange rates, foreign investment, and how these affect international trade. Money is moved and the credit made available to the promotion of trade, reconstruction and development across national boundaries. The scope of international finance is classified into three major parts. International Financial Economics which is concerned with causes and effects of financial flows among nations application of macroeconomic theory and policy to the global economy. International Financial Management is concerned with how individual economic units cope with the complex financial environment of international business. International Financial Markets which is concerned with international financial or investment instruments, foreign exchange markets, international banking, international securities markets, financial derivatives, etc. In international finance, Borrowers, primarily corporations raises cash in two principal ways by issuing equity or by issuing debt. The equity consists largely of common stocks, but companies may also issue preferred stocks. Internationally, the raising of cash takes primarily the form of international debt issuance in the form of international debt securities offerings or international equity issuance in the form of international share offerings to investors, often combined with a foreign stock exchange listing. INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FINANCE. Equity is an ownership claims to a share in the profit and assets of a firm. According to the journal of Legal Aspects of International Finance (LAIF) 2011, A share also referred to as equity share of stock represents a share of ownership in a corporation. Equity ownership represents an ownership interest in a corporation. It comes in several forms and the most important is Ordinary Shares (Common Stock) ownership of which entitles the holder of dividend and a share of net assets value of the company. Common stock typically carries voting rights that can be exercised in corporate decisions, the right to share in distributions of the companys income, the right to purchase new shares issued by the company, and the right to a companys assets during a liquidation of the company. With preferred shares, the holder is entitled to certain level dividend payment before any dividends are distributed to ordinary share holders. Preferred stock holders do not carry voting rights like common stocks holders and cannot place the firm into liquidation. As part of international finance, international equity finance involves the issuance and sale of shares of common stock to non-residents of the country regardless of the location of the shareholders. Firms usually use equity financing when they are unable to raise sufficient funds through retained earnings or when they have to raise additional equity capital to offset debt. 1.3. INTERNATIONAL DEBT FINANCE. Is the act of a business raising operating capital or other capital by borrowing for a specific purpose. When companies borrow money, they promise to make regular interest payments and to repay the principal amount of the borrowed funds. Debt financing is divided into two categories which include, long term Debt financing such as equipment, buildings, land, or machines. The scheduled repayment of the loan and the estimated useful life of the assets extend over more than one year and short term debt financing such as purchasing inventory, supplies, or paying the wages of employees usually applies to money needed for the day to day operations of the business. Short term financing is less than one year. As part of international finance, international debt issuance comes with a disconcerting choice of legal forms of debt such as international bank loans, commercial paper, senior unsecured bonds and debentures, subordinated and unsecured notes and debentures. Other types of debt i nstruments all reflect a basic agreement on behalf of the lender to advance the borrowed funds and a promise on behalf of the borrower to return the funds lent. INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKET. According to the McKinsey Global Institutes (MGI) annual analysis of long term trends that are reshaping global capital markets, the total value of the worlds financial assets including shares, private and government debt securities, and bank deposits. Financial markets such as stock market or bond market, issue claims on individual borrowers directly to savers. Savers surpluses are transferred to borrowers. FINANCIAL SYSTEM. Financial system provides channels to transfer funds from individuals and groups who have saved money to individuals and groups who want to borrow money. Savers (or lenders) are suppliers of funds, providing funds to borrowers in returns for promises of repayment of even more funds in the future. Borrowers are demanders of funds for consumers durables, houses or business, plants and equipment, promising to repay borrowed funds based on their expectation of higher incomes in future. (Hubbard (1996)). They channel household savings to the corporate sector and allocate investment funds among firms; they allow intertemporal smoothing of consumption by households and expenditures by firms; and they enable households and firms to share risks. FINANCE SYSTEM CHANNEL FUNDS This shows that the financial system channels flow of funds from savers or investors to borrowers and channels returns back to the savers, both directly and indirectly. Financial markets, such as the stock market or the bond market, issue claims on individual borrowers directly to savers. Financial institutions or intermediaries, such as banks, mutual funds and insurance company act as a go betweens by holding a portfolio of assets and issuing claims based on that portfolio to savers which is made possible by the activities of financial intermediaries and financial markets. Regarding the mode of financial flows, funds flow from savers to borrowers either directly or via the operations of a financial intermediary. In the first case, borrowers receive funds directly from savers. In return, savers acquire debt, equity or mixed-type claims in the form of primary securities. Financial intermediaries facilitate this process, assisting in the design, marketing and completion of the transa ction. These financial instruments are marketable in secondary markets. The ultimate objective and benchmark of international finance is the undisturbed flow of funds from savers to borrowers regardless of national borders. FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET. The Foreign Exchange Market is vast in size and scope and exists to fulfill a number of purposes ranging from the finance of cross-border investment, loans, trade in goods and services and of course, currency speculation. The Foreign Exchange Market encompasses of conversion of purchasing power from one currency to another; bank deposits of foreign currency; credit denominated in foreign currency, foreign trade financing, trading in foreign currency options futures, and currency swaps. The trade of different currencies takes place on the foreign exchange markets, at prices called exchange rates. Trading occurs 24 hours a day and London is the largest Foreign Exchange center. Trading may be for spot or forward delivery. A spot contract is a binding obligation to buy or sell a certain amount of foreign currency at the current market rate. A forward contract is a binding obligation to buy or sell a certain amount of foreign currency at a pre agreed rate of exchange, on or befor e a certain date. Forward contracts are available for any period up to two years longer periods are available in certain currencies. The main players on the foreign exchange market are commercial banks, firms, nonbank financial institutions, and central banks. DERIVATIVES. Derivatives are financial instrument whose value is based on an underlying asset. Derivatives can be used to acquire risk, rather than to insure or hedge against risk, it allows investors to hedge when buying a certain asset. Hedging is a way to protect against a loss in value of an investment. For example, if the holder of a certain stock is concerned that the stock price will fall, he or she might purchase a type of option whose value will increase if the stock falls in price. The option thus provides a kind of insurance against loss for the stockholder. Derivatives have a great amount of leverage, such that a small movement in the underlying value can cause a large difference in the value of the derivative. Speculate and make a profit if the value of the underlying asset moves the way they expect. One of the types of derivatives is over the counter which is the largest market for derivatives and is largely unregulated with respect to disclosure of information between the part ies. They are contract that are traded and privately negotiated directly between the two parties without going through other intermediary. The second type of derivatives is Exchange traded derivatives which acts as an intermediary to all related transactions, and takes Initial margin from both sides of the trade to act as a guarantee The three major classes of derivatives include: Futures/Forwards which are contracts to buy or sell an asset on or before a future date at a price specified today. Options are contracts that give the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy in the case of a call option or sell in the case of a put option an asset. Swaps are contracts to exchange cash (flows) on or before a specified future date based on the underlying value of currencies/exchange rates. While the major classes of derivatives of underlying asset are interest rate derivatives, foreign exchange derivatives, credit derivatives, equity derivatives and commodity derivati ves. COMMODITY MARKET AND ECONOMIC PERFORMACE Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged and where organized traders exchange in which standardized, graded products are bought and also the right to sell goods that plays a major role in the global economic scenario. These goods may be mineral based such as oil and natural gas, metals such as gold or copper, agricultural, cotton or wool, livestock, or foodstuffs like rice, wheat, soy and corn. These raw commodities are traded on regulated commodities exchanges, in which they are bought and sold. A commodity exchange is a market in which multiple buyers and sellers trade commodity-linked contracts on the basis of rules and procedures laid down by the exchange .Worldwide, there are 48 major commodity exchanges that trade over 96 commodities, ranging from wheat and cotton to silver and oil. Before World War II London was the centre of international trade in primary goods, but New York City has become at least as important. It is in these two cities that the international prices of many primary products are determined. Although New York often has the bigger market, many producers prefer the London market because of the large fluctuations in local demand in the United States that influence New York market prices. In some cases international commodity agreements have reduced the significance of certain commodity markets. The focus on commodity exchanges in the traditional sense that is, exchanges trading agricultural commodities, metals or energy products, as opposed to financial products (annex I). These exchanges are, however, described in the context of global futures trade, including financial contracts (annex II). 2.1 TYPES OF COMMODITY MARKET 1. SPOT MARKETS. Spot markets are markets in which a commodity is bought or sold for cash and delivery is immediate, money is exchanged and a product is obtained. Spot contracts, a less widely used form of trading, call for immediate delivery of a specified commodity and are often used to obtain the goods necessary to fulfill a futures contract. 2. FORWARD MARKETS. Forwards are advance payment for future supply, like reserving your share of next years yield. Forward contract are for future delivery of a commodity. 3. FUTURE MARKETS. Futures are a contract on future supply that wont actually be delivered. The purpose of trading in futures is either to insure against the risk of price changes (hedging) or to make a profit by speculating on the price trend. The great bulk of commodity trading is in contracts for future delivery. The operation of futures markets requires commodities of uniform quality grades in order that transactions may take place without the buyer hav ing to inspect the commodities themselves. A futures contract is an agreement to deliver or receive a certain quantity of a commodity at an agreed price at some stated time in the future. 2.2 THE ROLE OF COMMODITY MARKETSÂÂ  IN ECONOMIC. They play a very important role in the global economy in three major ways. First, reducing the price volatility and risk, the market mechanism helps to reduce price volatility by letting human nature work freely. Thereby reducing excess supply of some product in the market by producing less and if there is a shortage of some product in the market, the producers raise their prices and produce more. This brings things in balance as the market constantly adjusts to the current market situation. The system of hedging reduces risk and helps to promote economic growth as farmers, consumers, producers, distributors, etc. can lock in prices of their crops, raw material costs or other input costs. This allows market participants to better plan for their production output, consumption and capital spending budgets. Commodity markets provide the perfect system and place for buyers and sellers to use all of the available information in the market in determination of price at that moment for investment. And finally, the market helps to keep a balance between consumption and production as price adjustments are constantly being made in the market based on supply and demand. Producers and consumers alike decide how much to produce or consume based on market prices and their decisions on production and consumption levels based on daily pricing through commodity futures exchanges around the world helps to keep levels in balance. 2.3 THE ROLES OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES. The most three basic decisions which influence economic performance are; How much to save and how to allocate the flow of savings in investment. How much to consume. How to allocate the existing stock of wealth which would depend on each independent households opportunities, present and expected future income, health, family composition, the costs of goods and services. To examine how a financial sector affects the economy we introduce the direct financial claims. Financial claims are reflected in the flow of funds accounts as liabilities of firms, but as assets of households. Financial market infrastructure which have involved in most developed countries reduces costs e.g. accounting standards, disclosure laws and ratings agencies which would otherwise be borne by individual savers. These markets, conventions and institutions may make it possible for small savers to hold direct claims on firms and achieve a greater return for any given level of risk in allocating th eir wealth. The development of secondary markets in which direct claims are traded helps in increasing the willingness of savers to exchange real assets for direct financial claims and encourages savers to accept longer maturity claims. Brokers, which match savers and investors, as well as organized markets, which publish prices at which direct claims have recently been traded, reduce search and information costs for issues of new direct financial claims and increase the efficiency of direct financial transactions. They provide valuable price to help price new issues of direct claims and to coordinate decentralized economic activity. As indirect financial claims is by means of financial intermediaries. Financial Intermediaries purchase direct financial claims and issue their own liabilities; in essence they transform direct claims into indirect claims. Financial intermediaries monitor changes in the borrowers creditworthiness, collect and evaluate information regarding creditw orthiness at lower cost and with greater expertise than the household sector. Financial intermediary transform a direct financial claim with attributes which the borrower prefers into an indirect claim with attributes which savers prefer, this occurs when the borrower needs large amounts for relatively long periods of time, while savers prefer to hold smaller-denomination claims for shorter periods of time. By pooling the resources, the financial intermediary may be able to accommodate the preferences of both the borrower and savers. Financial intermediary transform the risky, long-term, illiquid direct claims on borrowers into safer, shorter-term, liquid claims on itself that savers prefer by diversifying reducing the financial intermediarys net exposure to a variety of risks and thus reduces the cost of hedging which makes an important contribution to raising standards of living. In addition, governments foster an elastic financial infrastructure which can withstand the u nstable in financial market prices without increasing the shocks to the real economy. 2.4. OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. The opportunities arising from international context is that first, we need to better understand capital markets and the products available and also todays globally reliant economies. The accessibility to foreign markets information products increases everyday and this represent a huge opportunity. Cross-border financial transaction of all kinds has become a common place for investors to make choices in different products. Diversifying in both international and domestic companies will lower their overall risk of their investment portfolio. Opening a country to trade in financial assets offers advantages similar to those that we observed introducing financial instruments in the primitive economy. International specialization on the basis of comparative advantage in financial services, like international specialization in production is likely to enhance efficiency. Confidence in the financial system encourages investors to allocate their savings through financial markets and institutions rather than to invest in non-productive assets in order to hedge against inflation or the risk of financial collapse. 2.5 RISK RISING FROM INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. Risk is the possibility that something unpleasant, undesirable which might happen in international finance. Consequently, risk cannot be eliminated, it can only be managed and controlled and this process required proper identification and monitoring. The most risk associated with international finance is credit risk, which can be defined as the possibility of the failure of the debtor to perform its legally binding agreement in accordance with the relevant credit agreement. Market risk is associated with the trading activities of investors in securities and other financial instruments and refers to the possibility of losses arising from unfavorable movements in market prices. Traditional financial risk focuses on risks within the financial system, and then efficiency should plainly be the central goal. Foreign exchange or currency risk, which refers to the possibilities of losses attributed to fluctuations and volatility of foreign exchange rates and these can have impa ct on the return on the investment invested. International politics risk where by the government destabilization and consequent impacts on the foreign corporations. Interest rate risks refer to the exposure of the institutions financial condition to contrary the movements in interest rates. Liquidity risk is the lack of ability of a lender or borrower to accommodate decreases in liabilities or to fund increases in assets. Finally, operational risk refers to the risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. Such failures can lead to financial distress through error, fraud, or failure to perform in a timely manner or cause the interests of the financial institution to be compromised in some other way. 2.6. CONCLUSIONS The financial sector mobilizes savings and allows the allocation of credit across space and time. As seen, this not only provides payment services but more importantly products which enables firms and households to cope with the economics uncertainties. An efficient financial sector helps reduce cost and risk for production and trading of goods and services thereby play an important role in raising the standard of living. As seen, are some advantages to international equity issues. It increases as well as diversifies shareholders base. This also improves a firms image and also offering less cumbersome listing the procedures. For most investors, international equities offer the benefits of portfolio diversification and make it possible and also favorable tax treatment. Commodity market plays a vital role in international market, hedging reduces the risk for producers, consumers etc there by helping to promote economic growth. Market infrastructure helps to reduce cost which would have been borne by the individual. Its sustained the economic strength and progress in an increasingly competitive global economy and with access to advance technol ogy. Indeed, we can see how the financial system and the commodity play a vital role in international and their economics performances.

Good Fellas A Classic Mafia Film - 1266 Words

In the time where mobster business ruled the streets of New York, Good Fellas is a classic mafia film that brings a little bit of everything to the round table; the violence, the profanity, the sex, the drugs, and especially the money. â€Å"Forget about it!† It will have you on the edge of your seat, entertained and desiring to see more of it. Directed by Martin Scorsese, Good Fellas’, takes place in the 1960’s and 70’s in the beautiful state of New York. Mobsters were walking idols for the eyes of many, with nice, slick suits, puffing cigarettes with tremendous swagger. And one of them was Ray Liotta as Henry Hill, a local Irish-American kid who grows up in one of the baddest, most tough neighborhoods in the city. Dropping out of high†¦show more content†¦Murdering Billy Batts, a mobster from the Gambino Crime Family, Henry Hill was on the verge of living the glamoirous lifestyle by doing what had to be done and that was: never rat on your frie nds and keeping your mouth shut. After closing the trunk in one motion, the trumpets of old jazz music drifted slowing into the scene, and the title ‘GoodFellas’ appeared in vibrant red. The way the scene was presented to the viewer, made the curiosity of one to perk up like meerkat coming out of a hole. Some may ask themselves, â€Å"How did they get there? What happened before this all took place? Why are the killing this man?† Automatically, the viewer is reeled into the story plot of ‘GoodFellas . I mean, who wouldn’t be? With the opening scene showing the brutal stabbing of a mobster and finishing gunshots to his head, anyone could tell that this film is not for the faint at heart. Violence will always capture the attention of the viewers. As Henry Hill got deeper into doing â€Å"business† with Jimmy Conway and Tommy DeVito, there was no doubt that anything would get in the way of their lucrative lifestyles. They would go out and enjoy themselves with a few drinks in the nightclub called â€Å"Copacabana†. Obnoxious laughs, alcoholic beverages tapping glass on glass and tobacco smoke fills the air heavily. With such scene, you would think that you’re at a stand up comedy by whats being talked about. The director, Martin, made a good choice of placing Joe Pesci (Tommy DeVito)

Accounting Information System Liquidation of Companies

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Information System for Liquidation of Companies. Answer: Introduction This study is based on the subject of accounting. During this particular study, the discussion is done on the liquidation of the Australian companies like, ABC Learning, HIH Insurance and One-Tel. The study evaluates the reasons behind the liquidations of the companies and at the same time, the study also discusses on the ethics and the governance of the financial stress of the three companies. Along with this, the study also evaluates whether the liabilities were the major factors that influenced the liquidation of these companies or not. At the end of the study, the conclusion is derived by considering the overall findings of the study. Discussion on the liquidation of the companies in Australia In recent past, many companies in Australia have faced corporate collapse and ABC Learning is one of them. ABC Learning was of the largest child care centers in Australia, which was operating in the market of Australia since 1988. However, due to several wrong steps the company collapsed in the year of 2010 (Crikey 2016). Logan, Sumsion and Press (2015) believed that the liquidation or corporate collapse of ABC Learning took place because of weak financial planning of the organization. In support of this, Jokovich (2016) stated that before the collapse took place, the organization started to acquire several child care centers, without taking proper strategy to run the acquired child care centers. The financial performance of the organization was much good at that time and the share price of ABC Learning was in increasing trend (Crikey 2016). The management of the organization decided to apply the tricks of leveraging the reliable stream of income that are used by Macquarie Bank. Howe ver, the organization did not diversify its assets base and did not take care of the increasing credit costs. On the other side, Ahmadi et al. (2015) mentioned that one of the main factors that influenced the corporate collapse of ABC Learning was the high subsidies provided by the government of the country. As per the reports, the government of the country provided the amount of subsidies, which was more than 40% of the total revenue of the company (Crikey 2016). At the same time, the government of the country did not played active role in controlling the activities of the child care center like, ABC Learning. The government of the country did not investigate on the business activities of the company, when the company was earning huge profit in the market (Crikey 2016). Due to the above-mentioned reasons, the financial position of ABC Learning started to fall down and gradually, the organization moved towards liquidation. However, if the liquidation of ABC Learning is analyzed on the basis of ethics and governance, then it can be said that the operation of ABC Learning was not as per the business ethics. AML et al. (2015) stated that the organization (ABC Learning) was enjoying maximum portion of government subsidies, which was not en ethical business activity. Betta (2016) added that at the time, when most of the child care centers in Australia were facing trouble in surviving in the market, ABC Learning was earning more than $40 million before paying the tax and interests. On the other side, if the evaluation on the governance, it can be identified that governance of the company was not up to the mark (Damiani, Bourne and Foo 2015). The wrong strategies took by the company indicates that the corporate governance of the company had weak long term vision (Adams 2016). Therefore, it can be understood that the financial stress of ABC Learning was influenced by the unethical practice and wrong corporate governance. Corporate collapse or liquidation of HIH Insurance was another big business failure in Australia. The company was one of the larger insurance companies in the country. The liquidation of HIH Insurance happened in the year of 2001 (Damiani, Bourne and Foo 2015). Before, the liquidation took place the company was the most reliable business organization in Australia. The company had huge customer base and the company was involve in several acquisitions. However, due to some wrong business decisions, the financial position of the company became very weak. The company faced a loss of more than $5 billion (Aph.gov.au 2016). Miglani, Ahmed and Henry (2015) stated that the main reason behind the liquidation of HIH Insurance was the aggressive business expansion strategy taken by the management of HIH. Until 2001, the business of the company covered maximum insurance business segments, nationally as well as internationally. Betta (2016) argued that HIH Insurance acquired few troubled organiza tions at much high price. For example, HIH acquired FAI against $300 million but the actual worth of FAI was only $100 million. Adams (2016) mentioned that at the time of acquiring FAI, both the acquiring and acquired companies were commercially insolvent; however, from outside, the financial position of HIH was strong. According to Miglani, Ahmed and Henry (2015), HIH Insurance had insufficient capital to meet its liabilities. At the same time, the company offered its products at a very low price (Damiani, Bourne and Foo 2015). The corporate governance of the company was so weak that it could not take proper strategy to manage its risk (Aph.gov.au 2016). Moreover, just before the corporate collapse, when the company needed extra capital, it took the decision to bought reinsurance. Apart from these, the company also misstated its financial reports and conducted several financial frauds that influenced the liquidation (Aph.gov.au 2016). Therefore, from the ethical point of view, the business activities done by HIH Insurance was not up to the mark. The misstatement of financial reports and the corporate frauds were the most unethical business practices done by the company (Damiani, Bourne and Foo 2015). On the other side, the corporate governance team of the company was not that much strong to run a business appropriately. The corporate governance team of the company included inadequate number of non-executive director (Adams 2016). At the same time, the CEO of the company believed in dominating business strategy. The risk management measurements taken by the company was inappropriate. The management of the company set the investment committee for managing the investment risk but the strategies taken by the committee were weakly formed (Ahmadi et al. 2015). Apart from ABC Learning and HIH Insurance, there was another company One.Tel, which failed to sustain in the market because of wrong business strategies (BBC News 2016). One.Tel was one of the largest telecommunication companies in Australia. This company faced liquidation in the year 2001 (BBC News 2016). Miglani, Ahmed and Henry (2015) stated that the company collapsed due to the huge debt burden. Ndzi (2016) noted that just before the liquidation took place, the total debt amount of the company was A$600 million. Jokovich (2016) mentioned that the corporate collapse or liquidation of One.Tel was caused by four factors - inadequate pricing policy, wrong strategies, unbridled growth and inappropriate expectations. The rapid growth strategy taken by the management of One.Tel caused two major business issues One.Tel came into direct competition with Optus, which was the largest organization in telecommunication sector in Australia and the other issue was the customers of One.Tel wer e attracted towards the low-priced offers given by Optus (BBC News 2016). Logan, Sumsion and Press (2015) mentioned that in order to compete with Optus, the management of One.Tel took the low pricing policy which affected the financial position of the company to the high extent. The inadequate business strategies taken by the company contributed a large portion in the liquidation of One.Tel. For example, in 1999, the company made a corporate agreement with Lucent Technologies in order to build a national network in Australia (BBC News 2016). The agreement cost A$1.15 billion. However, after few days, disputes took place between One.Tel and Lucent Technologies and the Lucent Technologies decided to build the national network in Europe against US$20 billion to provide the service of One.Tel to the European customers (BBC News 2016). However, in 2000, One.Tel faced the major loss of A$291 million and it was announced by Merchant bank that the company (One.Tel) is having shortage of liquid cash. The reserve of the company failed to A$35 million and the cash balance of the company was only A$25 million (BBC News 2016). In the analysis of the liquidation of One.Tel from ethical and governance point of views, it can be identified that the business activities of the company was unethical as it mislead the investors by not disclosing the liquid position on public (Damiani, Bourne and Foo 2015). At the same time, the cash position of the company was also much weak, which was again not unfolded by the company. On the other side, the corporate governance of One.Tel was also not standard. The corporate governance rules and regulations of the company were inadequate to solve the problems of it (Miglani, Ahmed and Henry 2015). The strategy of rapid business growth was one of the largest mistakes done by the company, which caused huge debt to the company. Therefore, in the above discussion and evaluation of the liquidation cases of three major companies in Australia, it has been identified that the liabilities were the major factors that contributed to the liquidation of the three companies. In case of ABC Learning, the company had inadequate assets base (Ndzi 2016). On the other side, the HIH Insurance had insufficient capital to meet its future liabilities and One.Tel had shortage of case balance to meet the liabilities. Therefore, in these three cases, the companies had huge debt burden but insufficient assets, capital and liquid cash balance to meet the liabilities (Adams 2016). Hence, it is proved that the huge liabilities influenced the corporate collapse or liquidation of the companies. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that inadequate financial position of the three companies One.Tel, ABC Learning and HIH Insurance pushed the companies in liquidation. The analysis of the study has identified that the aggressive business strategies took by the companies created major problems for running their businesses. In the corporate collapse cases of these three companies, it has been identified that the companies were operating their businesses by conducting unethical practices of business. The study has identified that the company like ABC Learning misstated the financial reports and One.Tel did not disclose the weak liquid cash position. At the same time, the corporate governance policies of the companies were also not appropriate. It was true that he companies achieved high success in the beginning but that success was not the actual success of the companies. Reference list Adams, M.A., 2016. Contemporary case studies in corporate governance failures.Governance Directions,68(6), p.335. Ahmadi, S., Forouzideh, N., Alizadeh, S. and Papageorgiou, E., 2015. Learning fuzzy cognitive maps using imperialist competitive algorithm.Neural Computing and Applications,26(6), pp.1333-1354. AML, A.M.L., Laundering, A.M., Act, C.T.F., due Secteur, C.O. and Competition, A., 2015. ABC analysis, 270 Accounting fraud, 14, 42 Active compliance approach, coherence, 52 basis, 31.benefits,108, p.109t. Aph.gov.au. 2016. Home Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/ [Accessed 7 Sep. 2016]. BBC News. 2016. Home - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/ [Accessed 7 Sep. 2016]. Betta, M., 2016. Three Case Studies: Australian HIH, American Enron, and Global Lehman Brothers. InEthicmentality-Ethics in Capitalist Economy, Business, and Society(pp. 79-97). Springer Netherlands. Crikey. 2016. Crikey - On politics, media, business, the environment and life. [online] Available at: https://www.crikey.com.au [Accessed 7 Sep. 2016]. Damiani, C., Bourne, N. and Foo, M., 2015. The HIH claims support scheme.Economic Round-up, (1), p.37. Jokovich, E., 2016. Vale, John Kaye.Rattler (Sydney), (118), p.11. Logan, H., Sumsion, J. and Press, F., 2015. The Council of Australian Government Reforms [20072013]: a critical juncture in Australian early childhood education and care (ECEC) policy?.International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy,9(1), pp.1-16. Miglani, S., Ahmed, K. and Henry, D., 2015. Voluntary corporate governance structure and financial distress: Evidence from Australia.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(1), pp.18-30. Ndzi, E., 2016. Executive Remuneration:(What) Can UK Learn from Cameroon.